Flash Control Mode

In P, S, A, and M modes, the flash control mode for the built-in flash can be selected using the Flash control > Flash control mode (built-in) option in the photo shooting menu. The options available vary with the item selected.

TTL: Flash level is adjusted automatically in response to shooting conditions.
Manual: Flash level is selected using Manual output amount.
Repeating flash: The flash fires repeatedly while the shutter is open, producing a multiple-exposure effect. Choose the flash level (Output), the maximum number of times the unit fires (Times), and the number of times the flash fires per second (Frequency, measured in Hertz). The options available for Times vary with the option selected for Output; the number of times the flash actually fires may be less at fast shutter speeds or lower frequencies.

“Times“

The options available for Repeating Flash > Times are determined by flash output.

Output	Options available for “Times”
1/4	2
1/8	2–5
1/16	2–10
1/32	2–10, 15
1/64	2–10, 15, 20, 25
1/128	2–10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35

Flash Control for Optional Flash Units

When an optional flash unit is connected, the Flash control > Flash control mode (built-in) option in the photo shooting menu changes to Flash control mode (external).

Flash Control Mode

In i-TTL flash control, the camera sets the flash level based on light reflected from a series of nearly invisible preflashes (monitor preflashes) emitted immediately before the main flash fires. The camera supports the following i-TTL flash control modes:

i-TTL balanced fill-flash for digital SLR: Preflashes reflected from objects in all areas of frame are picked up by 180K-pixel (approximately 180,000-pixel) RGB sensor and are analyzed to adjust flash output for natural balance between main subject and ambient background lighting. If type G, E, or D lens is used, distance information is included when calculating flash output. Not available when spot metering is used.
Standard i-TTL fill-flash for digital SLR: Flash output adjusted to bring lighting in frame to standard level; brightness of background is not taken into account. Recommended for shots in which main subject is emphasized at expense of background details, or when exposure compensation is used. Standard i-TTL fill-flash for digital SLR is activated automatically when spot metering is selected.

Aperture, Sensitivity, and Flash Range

Flash range varies with sensitivity (ISO equivalency) and aperture.

Aperture at ISO equivalent of								Approximate range
100	200	400	800	1600	3200	6400	12800	m	ft
1.4	2	2.8	4	5.6	8	11	16	0.7–8.5	2 ft 4 in.–27 ft 10 in.
2	2.8	4	5.6	8	11	16	22	0.6–6.0	2 ft–19 ft 8 in.
2.8	4	5.6	8	11	16	22	32	0.6–4.2	2 ft–13 ft 9 in.
4	5.6	8	11	16	22	32	—	0.6–3.0	2 ft–9 ft 10 in.
5.6	8	11	16	22	32	—	—	0.6–2.1	2 ft–6 ft 10 in.
8	11	16	22	32	—	—	—	0.6–1.5	2 ft–4 ft 11 in.
11	16	22	32	—	—	—	—	0.6–1.1	2 ft–3 ft 7 in.
16	22	32	—	—	—	—	—	0.6–0.8	2 ft–2 ft 7 in.

In mode P, the maximum aperture (minimum f-number) is limited according to ISO sensitivity, as shown below:

Maximum aperture at ISO equivalent of:
100	200	400	800	1600	3200	6400	12800
2.8	3.5	4	5	5.6	7.1	8	10

If the maximum aperture of the lens is smaller than given above, the maximum value for aperture will be the maximum aperture of the lens.